Revisión de la presencia de productos farmacéuticos y de cuidado personal en diferentes cuerpos de agua en Latinoamérica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33414/rtyc.54.37-64.2025Palabras clave:
Contaminantes emergentes, ibuprofeno, productos farmacéuticos, osmosis inversa, remociónResumen
La presencia de Contaminantes Emergentes (CE) en el ambiente, y especialmente en el agua es debida principalmente al uso diario y creciente de productos de cuidado personal (PCP), farmacéuticos (PhAC) y compuestos disruptores endocrinos (EDC). Los CE, aun en concentraciones a niveles de trazas, son capaces de generar serios daños potenciales en la salud y en los ecosistemas, entre los que se encuentran, problemas de desarrollo temprano en niños, trastornos a nivel nefrológico, neurológico, del ADN, de tiroides, además de estar asociados con la ocurrencia de varios tipos de cáncer. Debido a las limitaciones tecnológicas, pues la mayoría de los sistemas de tratamiento de agua no solo en Latinoamérica sino también a nivel mundial, utilizan tratamientos convencionales para su remoción, una porción significativa de los CE no se elimina. Así mismo, frecuentemente pasan inadvertidos, porque la mayoría son difíciles de detectar, y existen limitaciones tecnológicas y de infraestructura analítica en numerosos países, a lo cual se suma, que, en la mayoría de los casos, no se ha legislado nada al respecto. En el presente trabajo se analiza la ocurrencia de PCP y PhAC en diferentes matrices de agua en Latinoamérica, con el fin de dar a conocer las problemáticas que existen en cuanto a contaminación del agua y de esta manera generar conciencia y la posible inclusión de estos en las normativas ambientales.
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